}

        if ($raiseEvents) {
            $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
        }

        // Before returning, we will also set the resolved flag to "true" and pop off
        // the parameter overrides for this build. After those two things are done
        // we will be ready to return back the fully constructed class instance.
        $this->resolved[$abstract] = true;

        array_pop($this->with);

        return $object;
    }

    /**
     * Get the concrete type for a given abstract.
     *
     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getConcrete($abstract)
    {
        // If we don't have a registered resolver or concrete for the type, we'll just
        // assume each type is a concrete name and will attempt to resolve it as is
        // since the container should be able to resolve concretes automatically.
        if (isset($this->bindings[$abstract])) {
            return $this->bindings[$abstract]['concrete'];
        }

        return $abstract;
    }

    /**
     * Get the contextual concrete binding for the given abstract.
     *
     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
     * @return \Closure|string|array|null
     */
    protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract)
    {
        if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($abstract))) {
            return $binding;
        }

        // Next we need to see if a contextual binding might be bound under an alias of the
        // given abstract type. So, we will need to check if any aliases exist with this
        // type and then spin through them and check for contextual bindings on these.
        if (empty($this->abstractAliases[$abstract])) {
            return;
        }

        foreach ($this->abstractAliases[$abstract] as $alias) {
            if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($alias))) {
                return $binding;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Find the concrete binding for the given abstract in the contextual binding array.
     *
     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
     * @return \Closure|string|null
     */
    protected function findInContextualBindings($abstract)
    {
        return $this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract] ?? null;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given concrete is buildable.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $concrete
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)
    {
        return $concrete === $abstract || $concrete instanceof Closure;
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a concrete instance of the given type.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|string  $concrete
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\CircularDependencyException
     */
    public function build($concrete)
    {
        // If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and
        // hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be
        // used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects.
        if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
            return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
        }

        try {
            $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
        } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
            throw new BindingResolutionException("Target class [$concrete] does not exist.", 0, $e);
        }

        // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
        // an abstract type such as an Interface or Abstract Class and there is
        // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
        if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
            return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
        }

        $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;

        $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();

        // If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then
        // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
        // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
        if (is_null($constructor)) {
            array_pop($this->buildStack);

            return new $concrete;
        }

        $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();

        // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
        // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
        // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
        try {
            $instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);
        } catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
            array_pop($this->buildStack);

            throw $e;
        }

        array_pop($this->buildStack);

        return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve all of the dependencies from the ReflectionParameters.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter[]  $dependencies
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($dependencies as $dependency) {
            // If the dependency has an override for this particular build we will use
            // that instead as the value. Otherwise, we will continue with this run
            // of resolutions and let reflection attempt to determine the result.
            if ($this->hasParameterOverride($dependency)) {
                $results[] = $this->getParameterOverride($dependency);

                continue;
            }

            // If the class is null, it means the dependency is a string or some other
            // primitive type which we can not resolve since it is not a class and
            // we will just bomb out with an error since we have no-where to go.
            $result = is_null(Util::getParameterClassName($dependency))
                            ? $this->resolvePrimitive($dependency)
                            : $this->resolveClass($dependency);

            if ($dependency->isVariadic()) {
                $results = array_merge($results, $result);
            } else {
                $results[] = $result;
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given dependency has a parameter override.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $dependency
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function hasParameterOverride($dependency)
    {
        return array_key_exists(
            $dependency->name, $this->getLastParameterOverride()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get a parameter override for a dependency.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $dependency
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getParameterOverride($dependency)
    {
        return $this->getLastParameterOverride()[$dependency->name];
    }

    /**
     * Get the last parameter override.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getLastParameterOverride()
    {
        return count($this->with) ? end($this->with) : [];
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a non-class hinted primitive dependency.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function resolvePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete('$'.$parameter->getName()))) {
            return $concrete instanceof Closure ? $concrete($this) : $concrete;
        }

        if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
            return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
        }

        $this->unresolvablePrimitive($parameter);
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a class based dependency from the container.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        try {
            return $parameter->isVariadic()
                        ? $this->resolveVariadicClass($parameter)
                        : $this->make(Util::getParameterClassName($parameter));
        }

        // If we can not resolve the class instance, we will check to see if the value
        // is optional, and if it is we will return the optional parameter value as
        // the value of the dependency, similarly to how we do this with scalars.
        catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
            if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
                array_pop($this->with);

                return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
            }

            if ($parameter->isVariadic()) {
                array_pop($this->with);

                return [];
            }

            throw $e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Resolve a class based variadic dependency from the container.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function resolveVariadicClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        $className = Util::getParameterClassName($parameter);

        $abstract = $this->getAlias($className);

        if (! is_array($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract))) {
            return $this->make($className);
        }

        return array_map(function ($abstract) {
            return $this->resolve($abstract);
        }, $concrete);
    }

    /**
     * Throw an exception that the concrete is not instantiable.
     *
     * @param  string  $concrete
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function notInstantiable($concrete)
    {
        if (! empty($this->buildStack)) {
            $previous = implode(', ', $this->buildStack);

            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable while building [$previous].";
        } else {
            $message = "Target [$concrete] is not instantiable.";
        }

        throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
    }

    /**
     * Throw an exception for an unresolvable primitive.
     *
     * @param  \ReflectionParameter  $parameter
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException
     */
    protected function unresolvablePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
    {
        $message = "Unresolvable dependency resolving [$parameter] in class {$parameter->getDeclaringClass()->getName()}";

        throw new BindingResolutionException($message);
    }

    /**
     * Register a new before resolving callback for all types.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|string  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function beforeResolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if (is_string($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        if ($abstract instanceof Closure && is_null($callback)) {
            $this->globalBeforeResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract;
        } else {
            $this->beforeResolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a new resolving callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|string  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function resolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if (is_string($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        if (is_null($callback) && $abstract instanceof Closure) {
            $this->globalResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract;
        } else {
            $this->resolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Register a new after resolving callback for all types.
     *
     * @param  \Closure|string  $abstract
     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
     * @return void
     */
    public function afterResolving($abstract, Closure $callback = null)
    {
        if (is_string($abstract)) {
            $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        }

        if ($abstract instanceof Closure && is_null($callback)) {
            $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks[] = $abstract;
        } else {
            $this->afterResolvingCallbacks[$abstract][] = $callback;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire all of the before resolving callbacks.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireBeforeResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $parameters = [])
    {
        $this->fireBeforeCallbackArray($abstract, $parameters, $this->globalBeforeResolvingCallbacks);

        foreach ($this->beforeResolvingCallbacks as $type => $callbacks) {
            if ($type === $abstract || is_subclass_of($abstract, $type)) {
                $this->fireBeforeCallbackArray($abstract, $parameters, $callbacks);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire an array of callbacks with an object.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  array  $callbacks
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireBeforeCallbackArray($abstract, $parameters, array $callbacks)
    {
        foreach ($callbacks as $callback) {
            $callback($abstract, $parameters, $this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fire all of the resolving callbacks.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed  $object
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
    {
        $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalResolvingCallbacks);

        $this->fireCallbackArray(
            $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->resolvingCallbacks)
        );

        $this->fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
    }

    /**
     * Fire all of the after resolving callbacks.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  mixed  $object
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
    {
        $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks);

        $this->fireCallbackArray(
            $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->afterResolvingCallbacks)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get all callbacks for a given type.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  object  $object
     * @param  array  $callbacksPerType
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, array $callbacksPerType)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach ($callbacksPerType as $type => $callbacks) {
            if ($type === $abstract || $object instanceof $type) {
                $results = array_merge($results, $callbacks);
            }
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Fire an array of callbacks with an object.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $object
     * @param  array  $callbacks
     * @return void
     */
    protected function fireCallbackArray($object, array $callbacks)
    {
        foreach ($callbacks as $callback) {
            $callback($object, $this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the container's bindings.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getBindings()
    {
        return $this->bindings;
    }

    /**
     * Get the alias for an abstract if available.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return string
     */
    public function getAlias($abstract)
    {
        return isset($this->aliases[$abstract])
                    ? $this->getAlias($this->aliases[$abstract])
                    : $abstract;
    }

    /**
     * Get the extender callbacks for a given type.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getExtenders($abstract)
    {
        return $this->extenders[$this->getAlias($abstract)] ?? [];
    }

    /**
     * Remove all of the extender callbacks for a given type.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetExtenders($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->extenders[$this->getAlias($abstract)]);
    }

    /**
     * Drop all of the stale instances and aliases.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    protected function dropStaleInstances($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->instances[$abstract], $this->aliases[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Remove a resolved instance from the instance cache.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetInstance($abstract)
    {
        unset($this->instances[$abstract]);
    }

    /**
     * Clear all of the instances from the container.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetInstances()
    {
        $this->instances = [];
    }

    /**
     * Clear all of the scoped instances from the container.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function forgetScopedInstances()
    {
        foreach ($this->scopedInstances as $scoped) {
            unset($this->instances[$scoped]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Flush the container of all bindings and resolved instances.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function flush()
    {
        $this->aliases = [];
        $this->resolved = [];
        $this->bindings = [];
        $this->instances = [];
        $this->abstractAliases = [];
        $this->scopedInstances = [];
    }

    /**
     * Get the globally available instance of the container.
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (is_null(static::$instance)) {
            static::$instance = new static;
        }

        return static::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * Set the shared instance of the container.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container|null  $container
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container|static
     */
    public static function setInstance(ContainerContract $container = null)
    {
        return static::$instance = $container;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given offset exists.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetExists($key)
    {
        return $this->bound($key);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetGet($key)
    {
        return $this->make($key);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return void
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetSet($key, $value)
    {
        $this->bind($key, $value instanceof Closure ? $value : function () use ($value) {
            return $value;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Unset the value at a given offset.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return void
     */
    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function offsetUnset($key)
    {
        unset($this->bindings[$key], $this->instances[$key], $this->resolved[$key]);
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically access container services.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function __get($key)
    {
        return $this[$key];
    }

    /**
     * Dynamically set container services.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return void
     */
    public function __set($key, $value)
    {
        $this[$key] = $value;
    }
}