void
     */
    public function bootstrap()
    {
        if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
            $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the route dispatcher callback.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()
    {
        return function ($request) {
            $this->app->instance('request', $request);

            return $this->router->dispatch($request);
        };
    }

    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    public function terminate($request, $response)
    {
        $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);

        $this->app->terminate();
    }

    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    protected function terminateMiddleware($request, $response)
    {
        $middlewares = $this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : array_merge(
            $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($request),
            $this->middleware
        );

        foreach ($middlewares as $middleware) {
            if (! is_string($middleware)) {
                continue;
            }

            [$name] = $this->parseMiddleware($middleware);

            $instance = $this->app->make($name);

            if (method_exists($instance, 'terminate')) {
                $instance->terminate($request, $response);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gather the route middleware for the given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return array
     */
    protected function gatherRouteMiddleware($request)
    {
        if ($route = $request->route()) {
            return $this->router->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
        }

        return [];
    }

    /**
     * Parse a middleware string to get the name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parseMiddleware($middleware)
    {
        [$name, $parameters] = array_pad(explode(':', $middleware, 2), 2, []);

        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }

        return [$name, $parameters];
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the kernel has a given middleware.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasMiddleware($middleware)
    {
        return in_array($middleware, $this->middleware);
    }

    /**
     * Add a new middleware to the beginning of the stack if it does not already exist.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     */
    public function prependMiddleware($middleware)
    {
        if (array_search($middleware, $this->middleware) === false) {
            array_unshift($this->middleware, $middleware);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Add a new middleware to end of the stack if it does not already exist.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     */
    public function pushMiddleware($middleware)
    {
        if (array_search($middleware, $this->middleware) === false) {
            $this->middleware[] = $middleware;
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the given middleware to the given middleware group.
     *
     * @param  string  $group
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function prependMiddlewareToGroup($group, $middleware)
    {
        if (! isset($this->middlewareGroups[$group])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("The [{$group}] middleware group has not been defined.");
        }

        if (array_search($middleware, $this->middlewareGroups[$group]) === false) {
            array_unshift($this->middlewareGroups[$group], $middleware);
        }

        $this->syncMiddlewareToRouter();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Append the given middleware to the given middleware group.
     *
     * @param  string  $group
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function appendMiddlewareToGroup($group, $middleware)
    {
        if (! isset($this->middlewareGroups[$group])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("The [{$group}] middleware group has not been defined.");
        }

        if (array_search($middleware, $this->middlewareGroups[$group]) === false) {
            $this->middlewareGroups[$group][] = $middleware;
        }

        $this->syncMiddlewareToRouter();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Prepend the given middleware to the middleware priority list.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     */
    public function prependToMiddlewarePriority($middleware)
    {
        if (! in_array($middleware, $this->middlewarePriority)) {
            array_unshift($this->middlewarePriority, $middleware);
        }

        $this->syncMiddlewareToRouter();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Append the given middleware to the middleware priority list.
     *
     * @param  string  $middleware
     * @return $this
     */
    public function appendToMiddlewarePriority($middleware)
    {
        if (! in_array($middleware, $this->middlewarePriority)) {
            $this->middlewarePriority[] = $middleware;
        }

        $this->syncMiddlewareToRouter();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sync the current state of the middleware to the router.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function syncMiddlewareToRouter()
    {
        $this->router->middlewarePriority = $this->middlewarePriority;

        foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) {
            $this->router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
        }

        foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
            $this->router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the priority-sorted list of middleware.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMiddlewarePriority()
    {
        return $this->middlewarePriority;
    }

    /**
     * Get the bootstrap classes for the application.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function bootstrappers()
    {
        return $this->bootstrappers;
    }

    /**
     * Report the exception to the exception handler.
     *
     * @param  \Throwable  $e
     * @return void
     */
    protected function reportException(Throwable $e)
    {
        $this->app[ExceptionHandler::class]->report($e);
    }

    /**
     * Render the exception to a response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Throwable  $e
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
     */
    protected function renderException($request, Throwable $e)
    {
        return $this->app[ExceptionHandler::class]->render($request, $e);
    }

    /**
     * Get the application's route middleware groups.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMiddlewareGroups()
    {
        return $this->middlewareGroups;
    }

    /**
     * Get the application's route middleware.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getRouteMiddleware()
    {
        return $this->routeMiddleware;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Laravel application instance.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application
     */
    public function getApplication()
    {
        return $this->app;
    }

    /**
     * Set the Laravel application instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application  $app
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setApplication(Application $app)
    {
        $this->app = $app;

        return $this;
    }
}